A quick guide to composting on your farm
Composting is a powerful tool for farmers looking to enhance soil health and support plant growth. By transforming organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, you can improve soil structure, promote beneficial microbes, and reduce the need for synthetic fertilisers.
However, making high-quality compost requires some science and attention to detail. Here’s a practical guide to help you successfully make compost on your farm.
Striking the right balance
1. Ingredients
Composting requires a mix of carbon-rich (brown) and nitrogen-rich (green) materials. The right balance helps microbes break down the organic matter effectively. Adding manure can introduce beneficial microbes. The ideal mix varies depending on your needs:
- Fungal Compost (for perennials): High carbon, lower nitrogen
- Bacterial Compost (for annuals): Higher nitrogen, lower carbon
2. Location
Choose a shaded, well-ventilated site with easy access to water. The location should be away from drainage areas and free from weeds. Make sure it's accessible for machinery and covered if rain is expected.
3. Aeration and Moisture
Regular turning of the pile ensures good aeration, which speeds up decomposition. Moisture should be around 50-60%; too much or too little can hinder the process.
The Composting Process
1. Timeline
Composting typically takes 60-120 days. During this time, the pile should heat up to 45-65°C to break down materials. Regular turning and monitoring of temperature will keep the process on track.
2. Temperature
Monitor compost temperature regularly, particularly in the first week. If the pile exceeds 68°C, reduce the height or moisture to prevent overheating and loss of nutrients.
3. End Product
High-quality compost should be dark, crumbly, and odour-free. It can be applied directly to soil or brewed into compost tea for spreading beneficial microbes.
For more detailed information, tips, and troubleshooting, check out our full guide on how to make compost on your farm, find tips to troubleshoot problems and learn how to make your compost into a nutrient rich liquid fertiliser, compost tea.